ECONOMYNEXT – Sri Lanka is seeing a rise in sexually transmitted disease detections as inexperienced sex workers enter the profession, health officials say after the country’s intermediate regime Central Bank printed money to trigger the worst currency crisis in its history.
Traditional high-risk communities including drug users and homosexual persons with multiple partners continue to be factors in the rise of STIs, according to health officials.
According to the National STD/AIDS Control Programme, 4,556 HIV patients have been recorded in the first quarter of 2022 up 11.8 percent from 4,073 in 2021 first quarter.
In the second quarter of 2022, 4,686 HIV patients have been identified, up 13.2 percent from 4,142 in 2021.
The National STD/AIDS Control Program is working with several non-governmental organizations to reach out to sex workers for testing.
Commercial Sex
“And these NGOs which we work with, say an increase in sex workers can be seen in the field in the past few months,” says Geethani Samaraweera (Consultant Venereologist) National Coordinator of the Sri Lanka Sexual Transmitted Diseases Unit (STDU) told EconomyNext.
“It can be due to the economic situation in the country. Usually, sex workers in our country try to practice safe sex and a majority of them practice safety methods when they engage in sexual activities.
“The new ones are young and they are not knowledgeable about the safety methods. They are less experienced and do not know how to convince the clients to use safety methods.
“And most of them are coming to make quick cash to provide food for their families in these economic situations therefore they can’t demand the clients sometimes as well.”
In the first quarter of 2022, 2,221 patients with other sexually transmitted diseases were identified down from 2,676 last year. In the second quarter, 2,576 patients with other STDs were found, up from 1,753 in 2021.
When currencies collapse after central banks print money to suppress interest rates, the public gets into difficulties in all countries.
In Latin America professionals including teachers and doctors have turned to sex work after soft peggers printed money to keep interest rates down.
In the UK and Europe where large volumes of money were printed money by the Federal Reserve chief Jerome Powell, and European Central Bank Chief Christine Lagarde to ‘boost jobs’, the resulting high inflation was driving people to sex work according to reports.
In Europe, the Powell-Lagarde bubble is referred to as the ‘cost of living crisis’
There is strong support in Sri Lanka from macro-economists for soft-pegging for flexible exchange rates, where mistakes in targeting interest rates are covered up by depreciating the currency.
Sri Lanka’s rupee fell from 200 to 360 to the US dollar in 2022 after the central bank printed money for two years to suppress rates in a bid to boost growth.
The intermediate regime central bank has busted the rupee from 4.76 to 200 in an earlier currency crisis created in the process of printing money to suppress rates.
There have been calls to change the central bank law to block economists from practicing flexible or discretionary policy, with a reserve collecting peg generally called a dual anchor regime.
But critics say there is no hope for monetary stability with flexible inflation targeting, the latest dual anchor monetary regime peddled to the third world by Western mercantilists, also due to be legalized.
High-Risk groups
Samaraweera said a significant share of the patients being identified are below 30 years, indicating an increase in the younger generation of the country.
Of the STI patients that were identified in the first half of 2022, 1688 patients were males between the ages of 15-49 while 2610 patients were females in the same age category.
There could also be other contributing reasons for the rise, health officials say.
In addition to the rise in new commercial sex workers, other factors could also be at play. Sex workers were not the only category seeing a rise.
“From the last quarter of 2021, we saw this increase, but we thought with the Covid-19 the testing was minimized and we are seeing that numbers being identified,” Samaraweera said.
Coronavirus curfews may also have increased stress levels of sections of the public, resulting in them turning to commercial sex workers.
“Normally when these stressful times come the number of people that go to these massage parlors and sex workers increase,” Samaraweera said.
“Those can also be possible contributing factors as well for this increase in patients’ numbers.”
Members of the homosexual and transgender communities with multiple partners are also high-risk communities for STIs. Their numbers were also up. It may be due to more willingness to be tested now than earlier.
“It can be because now these communities are being more accepted in the society and the new methods we are using in order to reach out to these communities to come and do tests, because it is better to treat that letting it spread,” Samaraweera said.
“When we go back around 10 years, of the total patients around 30-35 percent were homosexuals.
“But year by year it has increased and now of the total amount higher percentage belongs to that category, especially homosexual and transgender.”
“Of the total number of patients, now it has gotten close to 60 percent. It can be either more people are coming to test themselves or the approaches we have taken in order for these communities to come forward and test themselves can be the reasons for that.”
Drug use is also contributing factor.
There may be an increase in drug usage has increased more among females as well and mainly abuse of Crystal methamphetamine (ICE) is observed.
“This has become more popular with young people making them more desirable for unprotected sexual activities,” Samaraweera said. “Even the people who usually use protection will tend not to use it after being infused with this drug.”
Increased testing and identification help contain the spread of diseases.
Better sexual education is also needed to combat HIV and STIs in general.
Younger persons were increasingly exposed to sexual content online but lack of proper guidance and education makes them more vulnerable. There was useful content online as well according to some observers.
“The children become more vulnerable to these things because there is no proper sex education in the country, in school at home or anywhere,” Samaraweera said.
“In the education system of the country, no proper sex education including hygiene, protection or the hormonal changes in the body is being included.”
There has been resistance from sections of the political ruling class to expanding sexual education for students.
An attempt to educate school children formally through a supplementary book called the Hathe Athe Potha, also led to a controversy. (Colombo/Oct15/2022)